Chris Schafer: Lessons from how UK deals with hate speech

CodeSlinger on Combinatorics

A couple of days ago, I mentioned to CodeSlinger that one of my sons was doing research in the branch of Mathematics known as ‘Combinatorics‘.  His response was not only informative, it was just as passionate as my son gets when he talks about the subject. 

So, for your pleasure and elucidation, here is CodeSlinger’s commentary on Combinatorics:

Combinatorics… the art of counting.  Hah.  Sounds trivial.  But it is slowly becoming clear that combinatorics lies at the root of everything.
Everything.
The fundamental equations of physics are symmetrical in time – if we watch a movie of two particles coming in from infinity, bouncing off each other, and proceeding back towards infinity, we have no way to determine whether or not we are watching it backwards.  Yet a movie in which a vase falls from the table and shatters on the floor is easily distinguishable from the time-reversed version, in which a myriad of shards come flying together, assemble themselves into a vase, and jump up onto the table!
The difference, of course, is that there are many ways for the shards to be distributed about the floor, but only one way for them to be assembled into a vase.  And that difference is the essence of… counting.  This leads us to the second law of thermodynamics: entropy increases with time.  Or, if you prefer, systems evolve towards states of higher probability.  But probability is nothing other than a relative count of possibilities.  Counting again.
Without counting, there is no arrow of time.
But it gets better.  The whole idea of counting presupposes the existence of things to count.  Which requires us to draw distinctions.  And indeed, we find that distinction is the fundamental act by which something comes out of nothing.  Assuming that a distinction can spontaneously arise out of the void, it will do so – because there are more ways for the void to be cloven than for it to be whole.  Counting again.
If we picture a distinction as a boundary in a space – a closed curve in the plane, a closed surface in space, and so on, then we see that the lowest number of dimensions in which a boundary can assume a configuration that cannot shrink to nothing is… three (the simplest such configuration is the trefoil knot).  Thus we see hints of how a universe of 3 spatial dimensions and one time dimension can spontaneously arise out of nothing.  All because of counting.
Similar considerations explain how this universe comes to contain fundamental particles, and why the have the properties they do.  And ultimately, why consciousness is possible.  All of human feeling can be reduced to drawing or perceiving distinctions, and all of human thought can be reduced to classifying and counting them.
Thus we have the age-old question of which is more fundamental: mathematics or logic.  For centuries men have been trying to derive one from the other.  Finally, a little-known genius by the name of George Spencer-Brown settled it by showing that you cannot derive mathematics from logic, and you cannot derive logic from mathematics.  But there is a more fundamental system, which he called the Laws of Form, from which you can derive both.
He begins with one primal element, which can be viewed as an entity (a distinction) or an action (drawing a distinction).  A boundary can be seen as a way of naming the interior (calling), or as an injunction to cross into the interior (crossing).  Having drawn a distinction, we can draw another one, either beside the first (recalling), or around the first (recrossing).  On this base he lays down two laws, as follows
The law of calling: recalling is the same as calling.
The law of crossing: recrossing is the same as not crossing.
If we denote a boundary as (), then recalling is ()() and recrossing is (()), and we can write these two laws very succinctly as
()() = ()
(()) =
where the right hand side of the second equation is literally empty, denoting the void.
And from this basis, utterly brilliant in its irreducible simplicity, he derives all of mathematics and symbolic logic:

Spencer-Brown, G, 1969: Laws of Form, London: George Allen & Unwin.

But this is only the beginning of the story.  Frederick Parker-Rhodes asked what happens when you repeatedly draw a distinction and get a multitude of identical entities.  From this, he developed a calculus of distinct but indistinguishable entities:
 

Parker-Rhodes, A F, 1981: The Theory of Indistinguishables: A search for explanatory principles below the level of physics, Synthese Library, vol. 150, Springer.

And on that, he constructed what he called the Combinatorial Hierarchy – system whereby the spontaneous emergence of distinctions from the void leads to… the standard model of particle physics.  Astounding!  Even more astounding, he never published this work!  It was finally published for him posthumously by John Amson (see linked pdf):
 

Parker-Rhodes, A F, & Amson, J C, 1998: Hierarchies of descriptive levels in physical theory.  Int’l J. Gen. Syst. 27(1-3):57-80.

The construction he outlines in this paper was implemented as a computer program by H. Pierre Noyes and David McGoveran (again, see linked pdf):
 

Noyes, H P, & McGoveran, D O, 1989: An essay on discrete foundations for physics.  SLAC-PUB-4528.

So when I say that combinatorics lies at the root of everything, I really do mean everything!
It is brilliant!

What can neurotypicals do to communicate better with Aspies/Auties?

Recently, I received this question from Angel:

‘Hi Xan,

A friend of mine is writing a newspaper on Aspergers. She asked me what neurotypicals could do to communicate better with those on the autistic spectrum. What are your thoughts?’

After some thinking, this is what I answered:

Hmmmm – this is a difficult question because it presumes that all Aspies have identical communications problems – and we don’t, so that’s important to keep in mind. Still, there are patterns that we can work from.

1. Say what you mean – don’t ‘send signals’. We’ll likely not pick up on those signals and, if they are part of the message, we’ll miss it.

2. Be honest – we’ll take ‘little white lies’ at face value and believe that is your true opinion.

3. Don’t freak out when we’re honest.

4. If you have to ask questions like ‘Do you know what I mean?’, then we probably don’t.

5. When we ask for clarification, please, please, don’t just repeat the same sentence as before, as if that would somehow explain things – use different words, clarify and explain!

6. Don’t tell us how you feel, tell us what you think – we rely on intelligent people using their thoughts to override their feelings. Especially if the conversation is about issues and real-world stuff, if someone starts their sentence with ‘I feel that …’ – boom, we’ve tuned out.

7. Same thing with ‘beliefs’ – if you cannot support it with facts, then it’s just a prejudice and we’ll resent you imposing your prejudices on us. So, unless we are specifically discussing ‘beliefs’, sentences starting with ‘I believe that…’ are not only meaningless, they are annoying.

8. Don’t give us a choice unless you expect us to make a choice freely. If it’s a thinly veiled threat – we’ll simply see it as a choice you gave us and be bewildered if you get angry that we’ve actually made a choice, when you clearly offered us a choice.

I hope this is a good start!

Anybody else with some constructive advice?

Autism & Learning Disabilities Help – Social Communication Foundation

 

Toronto’s Moderate Muslims protest against all terrorism

To all of you who’ve been asking where are all the moderate Muslim voices are who condemn all forms of terrorism:  yesterday, the 9th of June, 2013, they were in Toronto!

Dodo has the story.  And the pictures!

It is good to see – and we must give these guys all the support we can. They are brave and we must let them know that we will not permit their voices to be silenced by the militants – that we are prepared to defend them, protect them and give them the platform to speak.

And,  when our elected representatives are looking for voices from the Muslim community for consultation, we should demand that they talk to these Canadians first!!!

H/T:  BCF

Clare Lopez EDL Radio June 7 2013

This, again, is a method of coercion.

Perhaps this is why the big-government leftists and Islamists get along so well…

 

UPS vs. FEDEX: Ultimate Whiteboard Remix

What was that about government coercion?

And those pesky ‘free markets’?

Adam Kokesh Arrested at Smoke Down Prohibition: Joint Summit with President Choom

What was that about government coercion?

 

Milton Friedman – Free Markets and Human Freedom

Particularly important now…

As the one branch of the US government that actually listens to its people – the NSA – collects information about everyone, many people are saying that if a person is not doing anything illegal, they have nothing to fear from the loss of privacy.  If you read this blog regularly, you know my contempt for this mode of thinking, because…

The more you know about someone, the more you know what is important to them and how they make their decisions – the more easy it will be for you to coerce them.

Knowledge is power…always was, always will be.  And, even the most innocent things, strung together in certain ways and presented in a spun way, can make a person look guilty of something if the government decides they don’t like the way they are complaining about something.

Milton Friedman has it right – freedom is being free of coercion.

Dependency on government for services – from public transport to medicare to food stamps – opens one to easier and easier coercion, as does the loss of privacy.  That is why totalitarians always foster dependence and erode privacy.

And that is corruption of freedom!

 

The ‘top 12’ lists

A few days ago, I had asked who are the 12 people (famous enough for the rest of us to have heard of them) whom you’d like to spend a day/have dinner with.  Some very, very intriguing people got nominated in the comments – some of whom did make it to the early versions of my list, but did not make the cut of being in the top 12.

And, I promised I’d post mine (I wrote them down before asking posing this question in the above-mentioned post), along with some others:  well, this is that post!

My list is as follows:

  1. Richard Feynman
  2. Xanthippe
  3. Hypatia
  4. Hatshepsut
  5. Cixi
  6. Archimedes
  7. Giordano Bruno
  8. Ludwig Von Mises
  9. Samo
  10. Mika Waltari
  11. Margaret Thatcher
  12. Mark Twain

My hubby’s list:

  1. Galileo Galilei
  2. Thomas Jefferson
  3. Albert Einstein
  4. Neil Armstrong
  5. Leonardo da Vinci
  6. Pete Townshend
  7. Chris Hadfield
  8. Julius Caesar
  9. Alexander the Great
  10. C. D. Howe
  11. the first human
  12. the last human

My younger son is in his early teens, so, citing the inexperience of his youth, he only picked 6:

  1. Richard Feynman
  2. Notch (Markus Persson)
  3. Albert Einstein
  4. Nicola Tesla
  5. Robin Walker
  6. Gabe Newell

Interestingly, my older son’s list starts with the same man as mine and his brother’s:

  1. Richard Feynman
  2. Euclid
  3. Leonhard Euler
  4. Archimedes
  5. Plato
  6. Isaac Newton
  7. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz  (on the grounds that he’d like to get the two of them in one room, then bring up Calculus…)
  8. Georg Cantor
  9. Edsger W. Djikstra
  10. Douglas Hofstadter
  11. Alan Turing
  12. Alonzo Church

His girlfriend’s list is also very interesting:

  1. Empress Wu
  2. Zhuge Liang
  3. Emperor Qing Shi Huang
  4. an early hominid
  5. Richard Feynman
  6. Beyonce Knowles
  7. a common Japanese soldier who participated in the Nan Jing massacre
  8. Karl Marx
  9. the Buddha
  10. an African pygmy before contact by European explorers
  11. a Mayan ruler
  12. a native of the Easter Islands

 

 

 

 

Here is the ever-enigmatic CodeSlinger’s list:

Alexander the Great
Genghis Khan
Julius Ceasar
Jesus Christ
Imhotep
The architect of Göbekli Tepe
Thomas Jefferson
Mayer Amschel Rothschild
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Carl Friedrich Gauss
Albert Einstein
Paul Dirac

And, young Juggernaut has a short list:

  1. Jim Morrison
  2. Friedrich Nietzsche

My mom also contributed ‘her 12’:

  1. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
  2. Claude Monet
  3. Edgar Degas
  4. Napoleon
  5. Jesus Christ
  6. Mary, mother of Jesus
  7. Obama
  8. George W. Bush
  9. Jack Kennedy
  10. Marilyn Monroe
  11. Jan Evangelista Purkyne
  12. Ray Charles

My dad, however, gave perhaps the most Aspie answer possible:

Totally alone!

Though, he did say he’d like to bring this book.

Now, I’m going to have fun looking up and learning about all these people!

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